On May 23, by a narrow 215 to 214 vote after an all-night debate, the House of Representatives passed the $6+ trillion reconciliation bill, H.R.1. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projects that the measure as passed by the House would, over 10 years, add $2.42 trillion to the federal deficit. H.R.1 contains a $3.8 trillion tax package. CBO also projected that Trump tariffs would reduce the deficit by $2.5 trillion over 10 years.

The Senate is now working on its version of reconciliation (tax) legislation, expecting to make multiple changes to H.R.1, the bill the House passed just before Memorial Day. Here are some of the issues that Republican Senators are considering.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent testified before the House Ways and Means Committee on June 11 in a highly partisan hearing focusing on OBBB tax cut distribution, IRS capabilities in light of Trump staff and budget cuts, budget deficits and trade policy. The hearing was called to discuss the Department’s “priorities”. Secretary Bessent testified that the IRS collected higher than expected receipts in April’s tax filings.

During the week of April 29, House committees of jurisdiction began crafting their pieces of the $6 trillion+ reconciliation budget bill that Congress wants to enact by the end of this summer. The process is and will continue to be fraught as lawmakers make tough decisions, on which there is and will be much opposition, on how to cut spending and taxes for the upcoming 10 years.

The emerging reconciliation bill includes a provision to raise the statutory debt limit—the amount beyond which Treasury may not borrow--to $4 trillion. The Senate version of the budget calls for a $5 trillion increase to the $37.2 trillion federal debt limit. The House budget authorizes a $4 trillion debt limit increase.

On April 30, the House Education and the Workforce’s Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) held a hearing on the impact of ESG rules on retirement plans. The hearing also focused on other security issues, like tariffs, Social Security, and the national debt.

Key Democrats in the House and Senate have introduced legislation to phase in a federal minimum wage increase to $17/hour. The five-year phase-in would hike the federal minimum wage, which is currently $7.25/hour, to $17/hour by 2030. The bill would also index the minimum wage for inflation, and would phase out the subminimum wage for youth, tipped, and disabled workers. It would be the first federal minimum wage increase since 2009.

On April 29, on a party-line vote, the Senate Finance Committee approved the nomination of Ken Kies to be Treasury Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy. Kies will play a key role in the development of all tax legislation, but especially now in the crafting of the tax portion of the massive reconciliation bill.

The Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee announced it will hold a hearing on the confirmation of Janet Dhillon to serve as Pension Benefits Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) Director. The hearing is set for May 15.

On April 10, after a tense overnight period during which about a dozen House Republicans said they would vote against the compromise Congressional Budget Resolution (CBR) that authorizes a Senate filibuster-proof reconciliation bill, the House narrowly approved the Senate-passed compromise budget. The 216-214 vote opens the way for writing a multi-trillion-dollar budget bill that will contain a huge tax package as well as deep spending cuts. Two Republicans joined all the Democrats in voting against the resolution.

The U.S. government cannot borrow beyond a statutory limit (the “debt limit”), and when borrowing needs exceed the debt limit either Congress must raise (or suspend) it, or the U.S. will not be able to meet all its obligations on a timely basis. Such a failure to make timely payments would trigger worldwide economic catastrophe, putting at risk the “full faith and credit” of the U.S., economists say. The U.S. is currently at the statutory debt limit and is using certain accounting measures to avoid breaching the cap. Those accounting measures will be exhausted in the coming weeks, setting up a key legislative priority for Congress.

On March 11, a group of bipartisan, bicameral legislators, led Rep. Mike Carey (R-OH), Rep. Linda Sanchez (D-CA), Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.VA.) and Sen. Michael Bennett (D-CO) reintroduced the Credit for Caring Act, which would provide a federal, nonrefundable tax credit of up to $5,000 for working family caregivers. Caregivers with an earned income of at least $7,500 annually would be eligible for the credit if their care recipient meets certain functional or cognitive limitations. The credit would phase out for individual filers earning more than $75,000 in a taxable year and $150,000 for joint filers.

On April 2, the House Education and the Workforce Committee’s Health Subcommittee held a hearing on “expanding access and affordability” to employer-sponsored health insurance. A key priority the subcommittee discussed was association health plans (AHPs).

On March 14, Congress enacted a continuing resolution (CR) to fund the government’s discretionary spending through September 30, 2025, the end of the current fiscal year.

Enactment of the law prevented a government shut-down that, absent this measure, would have kicked in at midnight March 15.

The House and Senate have passed different Congressional Budget Resolutions (CBRs). Now, the two chambers must reconcile the differences to pass identical CBRs to unlock the budget process (reconciliation) that could bring deep mandatory and discretionary spending cuts, a huge tax package, and possibly an increase in the debt limit.

President Trump and the GOP-controlled Congress are officially in power, and have begun work on an aggressive, high-profile agenda covering among other issues spending cuts, taxes, and shrinking the federal government. Many—maybe most—of these issues could directly impact NAIFA members.

Legislation to make permanent the section 199A deduction for qualifying noncorporate business income has been introduced in both the House and Senate. The legislation is partisan—only Republicans cosponsored it in both chambers of Congress—but the number of cosponsors (35 in the Senate, including most of the Senate GOP’s leadership, and 152 in the House) demonstrates the strength of support for the measure.

On January 3, Rep. Vern Buchanan (R-FL), a senior member of the tax-writing Ways & Means Committee, introduced H.R.143, a bill that would make permanent expiring individual tax rates (including section 199A), the standard deduction, the estate tax personal exemption, and other individual tax provisions. The bill also specifically repeals the expiration date of section 199A, the deduction for qualifying noncorporate business income.

On January 3, Rep. Andy Biggs (R-AZ) introduced legislation that would repeal the limits on the kinds of businesses that are eligible for the section 199A deduction for qualifying noncorporate business income. The bill would also repeal the estate tax while retaining the step up in basis for assets passing to heirs after the decedent’s death.

Bipartisan legislation to allow 403(b) retirement savings plans to invest in collective investment trusts (CITs) has been introduced in both the House and Senate. The legislation would amend securities laws to allow for 403(b) CIT investments. Retirement law was amended to allow these CIT investments in SECURE 2.0, but efforts to expand the CIT investment authority to include securities laws fell short at the time.